Trend in the Organ Transplantation
Write an essay with the Topic: ORGAN TRANSPLANTATION
Page 1 & 2: about the topic in your own words
Page 3 & 4: copy-paste the information from the internet (including
pictures describing the information)
Page 5: the resolution of the research (in your own words)
Solution
Organ Transplantation
This refers to the removal of a body part from one individual either living or dead to provide the recipient with another functioning body organ. The organ transplanted is known as an autograft. It is also said to be the process of transferring a donated body organ via surgical procedures into a patient suffering from an end-stage organ problem (WHO, 2016). It is the single option for treating end-state organ impairments such the liver and kidney. Although patients suffering from renal diseases can be assisted via other renal replacements methods, the kidney transplant is the most accepted as the best and effective way of treatment.
The procurement of these organs comprises of removal of organs from bodies of dead persons, but this must follow legal stipulations including the definition of the death and consent. This process is only done to a person when one of one’s organs fails to function accordingly. Organs that are transplanted include heart, intestines, kidneys, liver, lungs and pancreases.
Organ Transplantation Process
End-stage organ failure is one of the causes which lead to one undergoing an organ transplantation process. Some of the diseases that result to organ transplantation include cirrhosis, cystic fiber, diabetes, short gut syndrome and many more (Health resources and services administration, 2016).
Before Transplantation Process
Enrolling donor
The primary process of donating commences when people perform simple tasks of declaring to be donors and then registering with state’s donor registry. According to U.S. Government Information on Organ and Tissue Donation and Transplantation (2016), this process takes place several years before even the donation becomes a possibility. Before donating an organ, one should consider whether is ready physically, financially and spiritually. For instance by being spiritually ready is all about the motives of the donor to avoid causing major problems in one’s life.
Maintenance of the Donor
While in hospital after donating a particular part of the body, the donor is maintained under medical care on an artificial support while the condition of each body organ is well monitored. Organs can only remain healthy for a given period. Body organs, tissues, stem cells and blood and platelets are other body portions that are donated to help in saving lives of patients in times of need (Manara, Murphy, & O’Callaghan, 2012).
Organ transplant
The process begins when the organ to be transplanted ready. The recipient of the organ is already in the operating room. Surgical teams work under a clock as needed to transplant a particular organ into the new beneficiary.
After a Transplant Process
Transplant is a primary process. It may take a period for one to get to normal life after the surgery like moving around or managing one’s care. Some patients report they are feeling better just after the surgery while others it takes even longer. After receiving the transplant, the patient is expected to continue working very closely with the transplant team so that the team can play their role in carrying you to recovery.
Organs that are Transplantable
The parts of the body that can be donated for transplant at the current times are central organs of breathing, excreting and digestive body systems. Some transplants are always combined operations. For example kidney/pancreas and heart/lung transplants.
Risk of Organ Transplantation
Transplant rejection
This takes place when the immune system of the recipient attacks the transplanted organ or tissue. Since the body immune is designed in a way that it protects the body from harm, once the antigens enter the body system, the system recognizes and begin to attack the since they appear as foreign materials. Other risks may be to the donor of the organ. For instance, donating a kidney may cause hypertension, organ impairment or total failure.
From Internet
Organ transplantation is the moving of an organ from one body to another or from a donor site to another location on the person’s own body, to replace the recipient’s damaged or absent organ. Organs and/or tissues that are transplanted within the same person’s body are called auto grafts. For instance, a heart transplant is surgery to remove a person’s diseased heart and replace it with a healthy heart from a deceased donor. Most heart transplants are done on patients who have end-stage heart failure (U.S. Government Information on Organ and Tissue Donation and Transplantation, 2016).
Body Parts That Can Be Transplanted
A picture of organ tansplantation doctors at work and alongside the images of tranplantable organs. Adopted from https://www.google.com/search?q=organ+transplantation&tbm=isch&tbo=u&source=univ&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwi_4K-R0-3KAhXEWBQKHVBZCc8QsAQIfw&biw=1024&bih=657
Organ Donation
By agreeing to give your internal organs up for donation (when you no longer need them), can save peoples lives. According to Veale, & Hil, (2010), one can register and join the organ donation list. You are given a card to carry with you to show you’ve made this choice.
Development of Organ Transplantation
Over the course of the last century, organ transplantation has overcome major technical limitations to become the success it is today. The breakthroughs include developing techniques for vascular anastomoses, managing the immune response (initially by avoiding it with the use of identical twins and subsequently controlling it with chemical immunosuppressant), and devising preservation solutions that enable prolonged periods of ex vivo storage while preserving function. One challenge that has remained from the outset is to overcome the shortage of suitable donor organs. The results of organ transplantation continue to improve, both as a consequence of the above innovations and the improvements in peri- and postoperative management.
Challenges of Organ Transplantation
In addition to individual drug side-effects, patients who are immunosuppressed have a higher risk of infection and malignancy. Commonly encountered infections include pneumocystis jiroveci and cytomegalovirus, although other unusual pathogens such as aspergillus are also more common in transplant recipients. Patients are usually given anti-microbial prophylaxis for the first 3–6 months, after which the effects of the induction immunosuppression have worn off and the baseline immunosuppression has been reduced.
Future Possibilities in Immunosuppression
Advances in immunosuppression have reduced the incidence of acute rejection, but have not affected the incidence of chronic immune damage in any organ, although the demonstration that everolimus inhibits coronary allograft vasculopathy in heart transplant recipients may be a step towards this. The goal of transplantation is the induction of tolerance, a state of specific unresponsiveness towards the donor. While this is readily and reliably achieved in animal models, it is rarely achieved clinically. Some patients who have discontinued their medication (often due to non-compliance) do appear to develop tolerance. This seems to be most common after liver transplantation, but has been reported after other organ transplants. Nevertheless, such a state appears to be brittle and readily broken when the immune system is challenged, for instance, by an intercurrent infection such as influenza. It may be more realistic to aim for a state of ‘almost tolerance’, where minimal immunosuppression is required (Watson & Dark, 2012).
Trend in the Organ Transplantation
The results of transplantation of all solid organs have improved year on year in spite of the fact that fewer ‘ideal’ donor organs are used; instead, donors are now older and more commonly donate after a spontaneous cerebrovascular event rather than after isolated traumatic brain injury (Watson, & Dark, 2012).
Resolution
Organ transplantation is an important process since it leads to saving someone’s life. Despite the many challenges that may arise depending on the donor or the recipient, it is a procedure that has helped many to continue living.
Donors face the challenges of either long term or short term complications or suffer from chronic diseases. With the advancement in technology and upcoming of the new method of performing the procedure, with time, most of these problems will have a permanent solution.
Many people should be called upon to register as donors so that in times of organ requirements, the challenge of getting organs for a recipient is not a major drawback. The study recommends for organizations to be formed for registering donors in every country to ease and solve the problem of importing transplants. If each state would have its health center for donating organs, with adequate specialists, the acquisition of such organs would be a bit cheaper and faster. Some of the patients lose their lives while waiting for organs to be brought, and since they have to be imported, or the patient has to travel to a foreign country they become useless by the time they reach the recipient. This is so because the organs have a limited life span.
Moreover, many surgeons need to be availed through having the thorough training of physicians to carry out these tasks. Some of the recipients lose their life due to poor personnel attending them, who can not meet the clock set for an individual organ transplantation process.
People should be trained through campaigns and workshops on how to maintain themselves and their patients after the transplantation process. Such activities will substantially contribute to the success of the process, and there will be reduced the loss of life due to organ transplantation operations.
References
Health resources and services administration (2016). Retrieved from http://organdonor.gov/about/donated.html
Manara, A. R., Murphy, P. G., & O’Callaghan, G. (2012). Donation after circulatory death. British journal of anaesthesia, 108(suppl 1), i108-i121. http://bja.oxfordjournals.org/content/108/suppl_1/i108.short
U.S. Government Information on Organ and Tissue Donation and Transplantation (2016). Retrieved from http://www.organdonor.gov/about/transplantationprocess.html
Veale, J., & Hil, G. (2010). The National Kidney Registry: 175 transplants in one year. Clinical transplants, 255-278. http://europepmc.org/abstract/med/22755419
Watson, C. J. E., & Dark, J. H. (2012). Organ transplantation: historical perspective and current practice. British journal of anaesthesia, 108(suppl 1), i29-i42. http://bja.oxfordjournals.org/content/108/suppl_1/i29.short
World health organization (WHO, 2016): Retrieved from http://www.who.int/transplantation/organ/en/
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