The History of Graphic design
CLO 1 Describe the evolution of graphic communication from prehistory through post-modern design.
CLO 2 Interpret the impact of historical and cultural factors on the development of graphic design and
visual communication.
CLO 3 Analyze the influence of technological innovations on the development of graphic design into
the practice that it is today.
CLO 4 Evaluate various styles and trends in graphic design using appropriate terminology.
Solution
History of Graphic Design
Introduction
Graphic design is considered as the art and craft of bringing different visual content together to communicate a specific message. Graphical content is designed by graphic designers who employ different graphical techniques including typography, photography, and color designs to come up with one final product that delivers contextual information. From the 1920s, the print industry developed the creation of logo designs using graphic design through paintings and typography. The use of creating attractive images through graphic design improves public appeal and marketing for vibrant products becomes easy. Different messages are sent though visual content in graphical design and different types of devices are used to share such information. For example, some information graphical will be delivered through smart mobile phone apps, television adverts, and computer programs. Graphic design ranges from print to raw artistic work where different artists use art to draw graphical content on walls, books just to mention a few (Interaction Design Foundation, 2017).
Figure 1: Graphical Content on a wall advertising the Cola drink from the Coca-Cola company
Evolution of Graphic Communication from Prehistory through Post-Modern Design
In 1992, William Dwiggins declared himself the first graphic designer as he ventured in different graphic design work, that is, lettering, illustration, and book design. William was an author whose work delivered a wide range of his interests and his work depicted how the graphic design looked like during those days. Since then, graphic design has seen modifications and additional advancements as a result of technology and other factors. The earliest form of graphic design was considered as typography where letters would be forged into different artistic designs and would deliver different kinds of information depending on how they were displayed. In the 1960s, many people could purchase a television set and would abandon the use of the radio. During this time, graphic design was modified and was being used in television adverts and poster ads. The computers that were available during those times were not able to generate better graphical content thus people still depended on handmade graphical content as posters (Christou, 2018).
In the 1970s, ideas on how to present graphical content grew in Japan and japan became one of the superior countries for graphical content. Their first work was using images, colors, icons, and letters on one page. The most popular symmetry in the Japanese work was the 1977 Craig Stereo ad where ray Charles was used in the poster ad. The poster included the use of images of the iconic musician, taglines, and letters that were inscribed to deliver specific information. The arrangement in the poster proved of a modified and advanced graphical work where the image of the iconic musician appeared to be larger than the words. In the 1980s, more vibrance was added to the images where bold and brighter colors were being used in graphic design and computers became affordable to many people. Microsoft introduced the Windows Operating System and people abandoned the use of MS-DOS. The Windows OS allowed individuals to do graphic design work more easily than before as compared to using the MS-DOS (Kniemisto, 2018).
Figure 2: 1977 Craig Stereo Poster
Apple on the other hand introduced the use of MacPaint is 1984 which was an application that would create graphical content. Graphitti and typography grew more popular in the streets as people would draw graphical content on the walls using paint. In 1988, the movie poster for License to drive portrayed the use of graphic design where neon colors and dark backgrounds were used. In the 1990s, photoshop was introduced as a computer program that would take graphic design to the next artistic level. Different modes of graphic designs were introduced including, fading elements, text overlapping, and digital overlays. Images used were furnished to be dark and grainy while the text raw and bright to the public. In the 2000s, the graphic design took the major step of the future by the introduction of smartphones which would use different graphics depending on the type of device. Graphic designers gave their work in different pixels which were in the formats of 144p, 240p, 380p, 480p, 720p, 1080p, and the modern pixel being the 4k.
Impact of Historical and Cultural Factors on the Development of Graphic Design and Visual Communication
According to Balci (2016), the graphical design is featured as a cultural communication tool through different generations and varies to the type of audience who is to receive the information on the graphical work. Historically, graphic design has been used to advertise and to share valuable information. In recent years, the use of graphic design has evolved to bring new work to graphic design. Video content has employed the use of the graphic design in coming up with the best video idea like syncing different aspects in videos, displaying different images and text on videos, and giving value to different cultures. In a music video, typography is employed to display the name of the song and the names of those featured in the song, to showcase different imagery like giving people cultures that are borrowed from other places and using animation to give animals human roles and characteristics.
Historical use of graphic design is still being put in use as advertisements are still being improved on how they are presented to the public using different platforms, information is being shared in a different form of media like soft copy files and the printed hard copy formats. However, culture limits how graphic design is being used on different platforms. As compared to the historical use of graphic design, graphic design was not viral and its use was minimal. Culture allows people to use graphic design in different ways, in that, in some cultures, graphic design is used in beautifying structures like buildings by drawing graphical content and it is visible to the public. Morality is usually monitored in every graphical content shared to some cultural platforms. Facebook, Twitter, Instagram, youtube just to mention a few have a different policy in exposing graphical content that exposes nudity, injuries, and activities. Some platforms depict some use of graphic design as immoral to society, disrespectful, and illegal while others give a moral respectful and legal perspective (Ethics in Graphic Design, 2010).
Common Factors Shared by The Three Developments
RGB and color
RGB is the color one sees when looking at a digital monitor or screen of a computer, TV and phones. The developments incorporate the RGB feature to achieve a consistent color to display capabilities of brightness level and contrast. In television, phones and computers, the RGB presents with three colors namely red, blue and green. Besides, the developers incorporate the use of hex codes to label those RGB colors in all of their progresses. The colors are present in color wheel where one drags towards the circle spectrum to generate the graphic design that has presentable pigment one that matches all the descriptions and requirements.
Figure 3: The color theory design
Typography
For every development made in response to graphic design, the developers use typography where each category comprise of fonts or type kit. The web designers approach topography through designing fonts for both web and print projects. however, for web projects, the fonts used are easy to read since they are prioritized in sans-serif as well as unembellished serif. Besides, the developed topography for the television, phones and computers contains guides to their fonts which highlights the common mistakes omitted by users.
Control
Additionally, designers have developed a common feature where they limit the control over various use of their developments in graphic design to the owners of phones, computers and televisions. The developments have designed in a way that determines the initial project appearance. However, the developers have given the user access to override their control. The limited control includes window size and adjustment settings. The owner is permitted to change browser size, zooming out and in as well as adjusting the browser settings which involve font text size together with choice. More so, the web designers have a common factor of having more ongoing control of their developments where they can fix, change and even re-vamp elements in their whole design.
Resolution, PPI and DPI
Resolution is the aspect that determines the quality of image present in phones, televisions and computers. The three developments have resolution and dots per inch which aids in the actual printing process of a surface to display a picture on screen. In all the above screens, they use pixels per inch to provide a sharp, clearer and quality image. They also have pre-determined resolutions which is a common factor that is shared throughout the development. Through this, they are able to display images that prepares a digital image for view. The screen spaces are represented in the pixel that preserve photographs and other resources present in the developments. A combination of PPI in files produces a combination of quality and sizeable images that are displayed in all the screens as discussed by Canva, (2020).
Differences in The Three Developments
Adaptive-sync
In adaptive-sync, monitors are the only developments that have the features technology which includes NVIDIA G-SYNC, Free Sync and AMD. The technology comprises of a compatible graphics card that generates a dynamic refresh rate that is responsible for removing screen stuttering and tearing. The development is absent in phone and televisions.
Input lag
When comparing the console gaming, TV have higher input lag that shows delayed reply to the input command. However, when sited in a far positing from the TV with game mode on, the lag is decreased which makes a gaming have a smooth play. According to Cumming (2020), the TV has less than 32ms input lag and less than 16ms which makes it fit for graphic designs and the best option which is absent in other developments.
Figure 4: low input lag with high image presentation.
Response Time
The display’s response time speed is another feature present in graphic designs. In televisions, the feature is absent as the manufacturers skip in specs. Additionally, TV has more trailing and ghosting objects that are fast moving on IPS panel TV as argued by Tech2craft (2018). The response speed is 15ms while an IPS panel monitor responds with a speed of around 5ms that is three times faster and better than TV. The VA panels present in televisions have a slower response time in the Game Mode feature.
Refresh Rate
According to Pan and Ryu (n.d), monitors have bigger game changer that enhances the refresh rate graphic design. Monitors have upto 240Hz which is responsive, fluid experience and detailed specs. On televisions, they are usually limited to 60Hz and others can support 120Hz with only 1080p. therefore, the television has bad image and gameplay experience compared to computers. Mobile phones have a better display of images.
Ability to Create Graphical Contents
Computers and phone have the ability to create graphical contents where else, television cannot create any graphical content. Televisions are only able to present images for view while phones and computers have the capacity to create and store them where other viewers can trace and view them as well. Additionally, television cannot share information created by graphics but phones and computers have the ability to share information with several other devices (Protoio, 2018).
Figure 5: Computer graphics metafile
Conclusion
Graphic design is a work of the future that needs attention as technology grows. In recent years, technology has proved to be the basis of the growth of graphic design. Multiple devices have improved the use of graphic design in sharing visual content in video and image formats and many people have ventured into being graphic designers as their careers. Improvement of graphic design artistic works improves individual professionalism in the field of graphic design which has also been implemented in learning institutions. Computers, mobile devices, and televisions use LCD and LED screens which display graphical in different formats which all look presentable depending on how they were created. Having evolved like 100 years ago, graphic design has proved to be a work that is in line in defining the future of artistic works depending on how it is used.
References
Balcı, S. K. (2016, September). THE IMPACT OF VISUAL COMMUNICATION DESIGN ON THE CONSUMPTION CULTURE, FROM PAST TO PRESENT. In Arts and Music in Cultural Discourse. V International Scientific and Practical Conference. http://conferences.ru.lv/index.php/AMCD/AMCD2016/paper/view/925
Canva. (2020). Attention required! Attention Required! | Cloudflare. https://www.canva.com/learn/print-vs-web/
Christou, M. (2018, June 14). The evolution of graphic design. Proto.io Blog. https://blog.proto.io/the-evolution-of-graphic-design/
Cumming, I. (2020, April 23). Input lag of TVs. RTINGS.com. https://www.rtings.com/tv/tests/inputs/input-lag
Ethics in Graphic Design. (2010, August 7). Cultural influence. https://www.ethicsingraphicdesign.org/morality/cultural-influence/
Interaction Design Foundation. (2017). What is graphic design? The Interaction Design Foundation. https://www.interaction-design.org/literature/topics/graphic-design
Kniemisto. (2018, June 27). The evolution of graphic design. Marketo Marketing Blog – Best Practices and Thought Leadership. https://blog.marketo.com/2018/06/the-evolution-of-graphic-design.html
Pan, Y., & Ryu, Y. S. (n.d.). Insights for the TV Interface from the Mobile Phone Interface. Insights for the TV Interface from the Mobile Phone Interface. https://uxpajournal.org/insights-for-the-tv-interface-from-the-mobile-phone-interface/
Protoio. (2018, June 14). The evolution of graphic design. Proto.io Blog. https://blog.proto.io/the-evolution-of-graphic-design/
Tech2craft. (2018). Tech2Craft: Monitors and TV: Similarities and differences. Tech2Craft. https://www.tech2craft.com/2018/08/monitors-and-tv-similarities-and.html
History of Graphic Design
Introduction
Graphic design is considered as the art and craft of bringing different visual content together to communicate a specific message. Graphical content is designed by graphic designers who employ different graphical techniques including typography, photography, and color designs to come up with one final product that delivers contextual information. From the 1920s, the print industry developed the creation of logo designs using graphic design through paintings and typography. The use of creating attractive images through graphic design improves public appeal and marketing for vibrant products becomes easy. Different messages are sent though visual content in graphical design and different types of devices are used to share such information. For example, some information graphical will be delivered through smart mobile phone apps, television adverts, and computer programs. Graphic design ranges from print to raw artistic work where different artists use art to draw graphical content on walls, books just to mention a few (Interaction Design Foundation, 2017).
Figure 1: Graphical Content on a wall advertising the Cola drink from the Coca-Cola company
Evolution of Graphic Communication from Prehistory through Post-Modern Design
In 1992, William Dwiggins declared himself the first graphic designer as he ventured in different graphic design work, that is, lettering, illustration, and book design. William was an author whose work delivered a wide range of his interests and his work depicted how the graphic design looked like during those days. Since then, graphic design has seen modifications and additional advancements as a result of technology and other factors. The earliest form of graphic design was considered as typography where letters would be forged into different artistic designs and would deliver different kinds of information depending on how they were displayed. In the 1960s, many people could purchase a television set and would abandon the use of the radio. During this time, graphic design was modified and was being used in television adverts and poster ads. The computers that were available during those times were not able to generate better graphical content thus people still depended on handmade graphical content as posters (Christou, 2018).
In the 1970s, ideas on how to present graphical content grew in Japan and japan became one of the superior countries for graphical content. Their first work was using images, colors, icons, and letters on one page. The most popular symmetry in the Japanese work was the 1977 Craig Stereo ad where ray Charles was used in the poster ad. The poster included the use of images of the iconic musician, taglines, and letters that were inscribed to deliver specific information. The arrangement in the poster proved of a modified and advanced graphical work where the image of the iconic musician appeared to be larger than the words. In the 1980s, more vibrance was added to the images where bold and brighter colors were being used in graphic design and computers became affordable to many people. Microsoft introduced the Windows Operating System and people abandoned the use of MS-DOS. The Windows OS allowed individuals to do graphic design work more easily than before as compared to using the MS-DOS (Kniemisto, 2018).
Figure 2: 1977 Craig Stereo Poster
Apple on the other hand introduced the use of MacPaint is 1984 which was an application that would create graphical content. Graphitti and typography grew more popular in the streets as people would draw graphical content on the walls using paint. In 1988, the movie poster for License to drive portrayed the use of graphic design where neon colors and dark backgrounds were used. In the 1990s, photoshop was introduced as a computer program that would take graphic design to the next artistic level. Different modes of graphic designs were introduced including, fading elements, text overlapping, and digital overlays. Images used were furnished to be dark and grainy while the text raw and bright to the public. In the 2000s, the graphic design took the major step of the future by the introduction of smartphones which would use different graphics depending on the type of device. Graphic designers gave their work in different pixels which were in the formats of 144p, 240p, 380p, 480p, 720p, 1080p, and the modern pixel being the 4k.
Impact of Historical and Cultural Factors on the Development of Graphic Design and Visual Communication
According to Balci (2016), the graphical design is featured as a cultural communication tool through different generations and varies to the type of audience who is to receive the information on the graphical work. Historically, graphic design has been used to advertise and to share valuable information. In recent years, the use of graphic design has evolved to bring new work to graphic design. Video content has employed the use of the graphic design in coming up with the best video idea like syncing different aspects in videos, displaying different images and text on videos, and giving value to different cultures. In a music video, typography is employed to display the name of the song and the names of those featured in the song, to showcase different imagery like giving people cultures that are borrowed from other places and using animation to give animals human roles and characteristics.
Historical use of graphic design is still being put in use as advertisements are still being improved on how they are presented to the public using different platforms, information is being shared in a different form of media like soft copy files and the printed hard copy formats. However, culture limits how graphic design is being used on different platforms. As compared to the historical use of graphic design, graphic design was not viral and its use was minimal. Culture allows people to use graphic design in different ways, in that, in some cultures, graphic design is used in beautifying structures like buildings by drawing graphical content and it is visible to the public. Morality is usually monitored in every graphical content shared to some cultural platforms. Facebook, Twitter, Instagram, youtube just to mention a few have a different policy in exposing graphical content that exposes nudity, injuries, and activities. Some platforms depict some use of graphic design as immoral to society, disrespectful, and illegal while others give a moral respectful and legal perspective (Ethics in Graphic Design, 2010).
Common Factors Shared by The Three Developments
RGB and color
RGB is the color one sees when looking at a digital monitor or screen of a computer, TV and phones. The developments incorporate the RGB feature to achieve a consistent color to display capabilities of brightness level and contrast. In television, phones and computers, the RGB presents with three colors namely red, blue and green. Besides, the developers incorporate the use of hex codes to label those RGB colors in all of their progresses. The colors are present in color wheel where one drags towards the circle spectrum to generate the graphic design that has presentable pigment one that matches all the descriptions and requirements.
Figure 3: The color theory design
Typography
For every development made in response to graphic design, the developers use typography where each category comprise of fonts or type kit. The web designers approach topography through designing fonts for both web and print projects. however, for web projects, the fonts used are easy to read since they are prioritized in sans-serif as well as unembellished serif. Besides, the developed topography for the television, phones and computers contains guides to their fonts which highlights the common mistakes omitted by users.
Control
Additionally, designers have developed a common feature where they limit the control over various use of their developments in graphic design to the owners of phones, computers and televisions. The developments have designed in a way that determines the initial project appearance. However, the developers have given the user access to override their control. The limited control includes window size and adjustment settings. The owner is permitted to change browser size, zooming out and in as well as adjusting the browser settings which involve font text size together with choice. More so, the web designers have a common factor of having more ongoing control of their developments where they can fix, change and even re-vamp elements in their whole design.
Resolution, PPI and DPI
Resolution is the aspect that determines the quality of image present in phones, televisions and computers. The three developments have resolution and dots per inch which aids in the actual printing process of a surface to display a picture on screen. In all the above screens, they use pixels per inch to provide a sharp, clearer and quality image. They also have pre-determined resolutions which is a common factor that is shared throughout the development. Through this, they are able to display images that prepares a digital image for view. The screen spaces are represented in the pixel that preserve photographs and other resources present in the developments. A combination of PPI in files produces a combination of quality and sizeable images that are displayed in all the screens as discussed by Canva, (2020).
Differences in The Three Developments
Adaptive-sync
In adaptive-sync, monitors are the only developments that have the features technology which includes NVIDIA G-SYNC, Free Sync and AMD. The technology comprises of a compatible graphics card that generates a dynamic refresh rate that is responsible for removing screen stuttering and tearing. The development is absent in phone and televisions.
Input lag
When comparing the console gaming, TV have higher input lag that shows delayed reply to the input command. However, when sited in a far positing from the TV with game mode on, the lag is decreased which makes a gaming have a smooth play. According to Cumming (2020), the TV has less than 32ms input lag and less than 16ms which makes it fit for graphic designs and the best option which is absent in other developments.
Figure 4: low input lag with high image presentation.
Response Time
The display’s response time speed is another feature present in graphic designs. In televisions, the feature is absent as the manufacturers skip in specs. Additionally, TV has more trailing and ghosting objects that are fast moving on IPS panel TV as argued by Tech2craft (2018). The response speed is 15ms while an IPS panel monitor responds with a speed of around 5ms that is three times faster and better than TV. The VA panels present in televisions have a slower response time in the Game Mode feature.
Refresh Rate
According to Pan and Ryu (n.d), monitors have bigger game changer that enhances the refresh rate graphic design. Monitors have upto 240Hz which is responsive, fluid experience and detailed specs. On televisions, they are usually limited to 60Hz and others can support 120Hz with only 1080p. therefore, the television has bad image and gameplay experience compared to computers. Mobile phones have a better display of images.
Ability to Create Graphical Contents
Computers and phone have the ability to create graphical contents where else, television cannot create any graphical content. Televisions are only able to present images for view while phones and computers have the capacity to create and store them where other viewers can trace and view them as well. Additionally, television cannot share information created by graphics but phones and computers have the ability to share information with several other devices (Protoio, 2018).
Figure 5: Computer graphics metafile
Conclusion
Graphic design is a work of the future that needs attention as technology grows. In recent years, technology has proved to be the basis of the growth of graphic design. Multiple devices have improved the use of graphic design in sharing visual content in video and image formats and many people have ventured into being graphic designers as their careers. Improvement of graphic design artistic works improves individual professionalism in the field of graphic design which has also been implemented in learning institutions. Computers, mobile devices, and televisions use LCD and LED screens which display graphical in different formats which all look presentable depending on how they were created. Having evolved like 100 years ago, graphic design has proved to be a work that is in line in defining the future of artistic works depending on how it is used.
References
Balcı, S. K. (2016, September). THE IMPACT OF VISUAL COMMUNICATION DESIGN ON THE CONSUMPTION CULTURE, FROM PAST TO PRESENT. In Arts and Music in Cultural Discourse. V International Scientific and Practical Conference. http://conferences.ru.lv/index.php/AMCD/AMCD2016/paper/view/925
Canva. (2020). Attention required! Attention Required! | Cloudflare. https://www.canva.com/learn/print-vs-web/
Christou, M. (2018, June 14). The evolution of graphic design. Proto.io Blog. https://blog.proto.io/the-evolution-of-graphic-design/
Cumming, I. (2020, April 23). Input lag of TVs. RTINGS.com. https://www.rtings.com/tv/tests/inputs/input-lag
Ethics in Graphic Design. (2010, August 7). Cultural influence. https://www.ethicsingraphicdesign.org/morality/cultural-influence/
Interaction Design Foundation. (2017). What is graphic design? The Interaction Design Foundation. https://www.interaction-design.org/literature/topics/graphic-design
Kniemisto. (2018, June 27). The evolution of graphic design. Marketo Marketing Blog – Best Practices and Thought Leadership. https://blog.marketo.com/2018/06/the-evolution-of-graphic-design.html
Pan, Y., & Ryu, Y. S. (n.d.). Insights for the TV Interface from the Mobile Phone Interface. Insights for the TV Interface from the Mobile Phone Interface. https://uxpajournal.org/insights-for-the-tv-interface-from-the-mobile-phone-interface/
Protoio. (2018, June 14). The evolution of graphic design. Proto.io Blog. https://blog.proto.io/the-evolution-of-graphic-design/
Tech2craft. (2018). Tech2Craft: Monitors and TV: Similarities and differences. Tech2Craft. https://www.tech2craft.com/2018/08/monitors-and-tv-similarities-and.html