Impacts of state capacity to Indian Government
write an analytical essay from 1,500 to 2,000 words (not
including the bibliography).
The paper should address the following:
write about India (state capacity ) The research must answer those
3 question:
1. Analyse how it impacts the country.
2. Evaluate the challenges or opportunities it presents to leaders
and policy makers.
3. Analyse its influence on both domestic and international security.
Papers should contain evidence, logic structure, quality and
originality argument, and the written expression.
Solution
Introduction
The terminology city-state has been applied across various disciplines to denote
the capability of the state to excerpt materials to administer and implement different strategies
and agendas and projects. It encompasses the whole thing from the general ability of a country to
accomplish large corporal capacity of a state to improve infrastructure, enhance border security,
health care, education, and levy base. National capacity is thought to be linked to several
essential consequences in economic growth, levy base, infrastructure, well-being, international
security, societal welfare, and autocratic consolidation. India portrays much effort to capacity
build. Afghani state shows a very slight capacity regardless of the definition. Nepali state remain
overwhelmed by the problem of state failure, taking eight years to draft a new establishment that
has been facing widespread rebellions and objections
India can grow the capacity to provide economic rights in a citizen-friendly way, despite
stern encounters posed by patronage legislations. The capability of a nation to deliver owes a lot
to administrative confusion over progress thoughts path-dependent way. The paper discusses the
impacts of sate capacity on the country, encounters, and prospects it poses to leaders and effects
on both local and international safety.
Impacts of state capacity to the country
Improved standard economy
Having an average economic philosophy denotes that state capacity is operative, and the
country has enough organizational infrastructures. To the best of my understanding, State
capacity has heightened economic development in India. Arguably, two radical revolutions
resolved the long delayed enactment of even the tax system at federal level or fiscal centralism.
The second renovation was the formation of national assemblies with the power to control and
STATE CAPACITY IN INDIA 3
manage state expenses at regular intermissions or limited government. I argue that these two
modifications progressed the state government's ability to mine higher levy revenues (Pattenden,
2017, p. 56). Extractive ability is vital to successful development. It has slowly unlocked up
markets through economic liberalization and has progressed towards a free-market economy. It
has been driven by the expansion of services that has been growing consistently faster than other
areas. IMF estimates India's GDP grew for five-fold to reach US dollar 2.2 trillion It has been
debated that the configuration of Indian. Free-market strategy is a clear evidence of how nation-
state has enhanced economic growth.
Social welfare
At the most basic level, inclusive progress is about the extension of individual
capabilities linked with social and material profits across society. The current accelerations due
to state capacity in India are destined for poverty reduction. After a legacy of welfare, the
government enacted free and compulsory primary education with the provision of free incentives
such as uniforms and textbooks, which has increased the number of children enrolled in schools.
Healthcare and social welfare have greatly improved, and advancement in industrialization and
promotion of the agriculture sector has facilitated the reduction of unemployment rates. Poverty
gap has lessened because of significant enhancement in state capacity, this is evident in West
Bengal and Kerala states that have recorded a rapid decline in poverty levels than most Indian
states. These transformations, suggest a positive impact from the circulation of power and
monetary resources in enhancing profitable development.
STATE CAPACITY IN INDIA 4
Challenges posed by State capacity to leaders and policymaker
Policy and plan implementers are not only expected to deliver virtuous, but deliver high-
quality pronouncements that have been made with the highest level of legality and correctness.
Makers tend to face many challenges from the state capacity situation.
Excessive fragmentation in thinking and action
India is a country linked with increased population growth, industrialization, and political
unrest regime, and this makes policy formulation a difficult task to tackle. The policy made on
one sector frequently tends to have a significant consequence on other areas: a transportation
policy (expansion of country-wide main roads invention in rail) affects the surrounding. Strict
contamination norms; an environmental agenda affects industrialization growth. Besley and
Persson (2009, p. 38) propose that, policymakers dealing with such fragmentation issues face a
tough time trying to examine, scrutinize, and come broadly to implement the plans and strategies
is a challenge. They have to collect responses and information on inter-sectorial impacts, the
trade-offs, and makes fully informed choices between alternatives after a proper consideration of
effects on different sectors.
Democratic polity poses a challenge to policymakers. From my understanding, Indian
politicians are specialist vetted due to their intelligence on matters concerning policies
implementation in a country through extensive training and practice. However, their roles are
still undermined by the state in that, despite the plans made by them, the government
administration regime even incorporates parliamentary proceedings. Mehta (2010, p. 382) asserts
that, the majority can object policies decided by the makers and end up being termed as
inadequate.
STATE CAPACITY IN INDIA 5
Political interference- the prevalence of governmental intrusion at the various stages of
the decision making progression and implementation has created problems making a balance
between leaders and recruited administrators. Political execution, leaders tend to adjust existing
policies in favor of pursuance of promises made at the time of voting by the party in power. Thus
policymakers are forced to execute procedures by the will of the government. The bureaucratic
apathy leads to an increased gap between target achievements by policymakers.
Transparency and accountability –it is observed that increasing corruption in the
matters of service delivery has become a challenging factor in policy formulators. In the case of
India, attention on bottom-up accountability has led to administrative inadequacy. Designing
government policies that eradicate corruption is no easy task. As the demonetization practices
displayed, such endeavors can have a big impact to the economy. The case of public policy
formulation, India has focused on implementation of strategies that aim mostly in poverty
extermination and rural occupation to guarantee overall social progress. To confirm how
corruption has challenged policymakers, the case of alleged bribery in Mahatma Gandhi National
Rural employment Guarantees schemes (MGNREGS) proves to be an excellent case. According
to Gong and Ma (2012, p.34), policies are developed in a bid to bar officials from draining off
wages meant for MGNREGS employees. The policies stated how payments should be made
through banks and post offices only. Splitting the payment agency from the organization
responsible for payments at MGNREGS, the government expected to reduce the practice of
fudging master rolls, but it’s not the case since the practice continued on the ground due to
corruption with some government officials (Gong & Ma, 2012, p.56).
Artificial Intelligence- in India, the formulation of Artificial intelligence has been a
challenge to policy formulators in matters concerning Intellectual property privileges. The future
STATE CAPACITY IN INDIA 6
considerations among policymakers will have to focus on whether actions need to be taken at the
governing and commercial level about relevant property laws since artificial intelligence portray
a disruptive role on the invention side.
Influence on domestic and international security
The relationship between foreign policy and internal security runs in another direction.
India being a country with increased population growth, it has to put up measures to uphold both
domestic and international security. Due to increased industrialization and climate change,
India’s resource constraints are likely to deepen, and the nation’s state ability is expected to
intensify in the years. Such shortages have significant implications for both national and human
security. India's state has various impacts on safety maintenance (Jha, 2015, p. 39).
A growing economy and growing population strain natural resources, and conflicts over
land, electricity, and water will only get worse. If the gloomy projections of climate change
impacts on India occur, the survival rate is even bleaker. An interactive, educated, and steady
community with competent and sensitive leadership will meet the new demands, without real
challenges, even with around a million people entering the working-age population every month.
Its limits would strike even the Indian state's casual observer. His relatively small size is
the most visible example of this. The Indian government, despite popular belief, is one of the
lowest per capita among major nations. While the population of India rises from Eight hundred
and eighty-four million to one point two billion between 1991 and 2011, the total employment of
the public sector decline from nineteen points one (19.1) million to seventeen point nine (19.9)
million. Over this time, by the year 2010, the (IAS) Elite Indian Administration Service dropped
by ten percent; its total strength and that of (IPS) the Indian Police Service overall strength was
STATE CAPACITY IN INDIA 7
slightly less than 11,000 and vacancy rates were 28 percent (Pradhan Dash and Jena 2019, p.
122).
The Indian diplomatic corps has less power in foreign affairs than Sweden. The judicial
system of India reportedly has over 31 million cases behind schedule. Government estimates say
that up to 10% of all lawsuits are pending over a decade or more.
Conclusion
The ability of the State to develop and implement public policies effectively and
efficiently varies widely across India. The Indian state doesn't collapse, but it's "flailing" too
often. It can execute highly complex tasks effectively, but it does not perform relatively easy
tasks. Unfortunately, it is all painfully clear that India fails to perform even the most basic
functions of a sovereign government. Although a great deal of attention has been devoted to the
Indian states, much vulnerability in the high level of corruption and greed in public life are
displayed. Lack of competence both in policy-making and language is an equally imperishable
and even more significant challenge in enforcing such policies effectively. These impacts on
state capacity in India are likely to come from civil society in collaboration with certain political
parties and bureaucratic elements. As the challenges of India rise, the nation needs to develop
and maintain an Indian state for the 21st century that institutional reform is necessary. It's about
survival, rather than selection.
STATE CAPACITY IN INDIA 8
References
Besley, T., & Persson, T. (2009). The origins of state capacity: Property rights, taxation, and
politics.AmericanEconomicReview,99(4),18-44.
https://www.nber.org/papers/w13028.pdf
Jha, N. (2015). Dynamics of India's Security and Foreign Policy: Responding to Challenges
of South Asian Domestic Milieu. India Quarterly: A Journal of International Affairs,
[online] 61(4), pp.39-70. Available at: https://carnegieendowment.org/2017/05/15/weak-
public-institutions-behind-India-slow-state-capacity-pub-69971 [Accessed 5 Oct. 2019].
Gong, T., & Ma, S. (2012). Preventing Corruption in Asia. Hoboken: Taylor and Francis.
MEHTA, P. (2010). India: Governance and Growth in State Capacity. Governance, 23(3),
381-384.
Pradhan, R. K., Dash, S., & Jena, L. K. (2019). Do HR practices influence job satisfaction?
Examining the mediating role of employee engagement in the Indian public sector undertakings.
Global Business Review,20(1),119-132.
Pattenden, J. (2017). Labour, state, and society in rural India. Baltimore, Maryland: Project
Muse.
https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Gary_Blau3/publication/289971258_Pay_referent_c
omparison_and_pay_level_satisfaction_in_private_versus_public_sector_organizations_i
n_India/links/5731eb6908ae9f741b234de3.pdf
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