Introduction
Integrated Emergency Management (IEM) provides a practical, logical approach to direct departments and agencies at all level of government, nongovernmental organizations, and private sector to work effortlessly to shun, defend, react, recover, and alleviate the effects of happenings, in spite of reason, magnitude, position, or density, in order to lessen the trouncing of existence and possessions and cause injury to surroundings.IEM works hand in hand with the national response plan (Secretaria 2004).
IEM is flexible due to their system mechanisms that are utilized to develop measures, progression, tactics, agreements, and operations for all categories of occurrences. IEM’s mechanism are flexible to any circumstances from habit, restricted incidents to incidents that need to be activated of limited-access highway ,common support to those requiring a corresponding Governmental reaction, whether deliberate, with or without acknowledgement .
Preparedness
Preparedness entails an integrated amalgamation of evaluation; scheduling, measures and protocols, exercise and workout, personal credentials, licensure and official recognition, equipment documentation and assessment and reconsideration. Besides, vigilance facilitates efficient and proficient tragedy management and incident response activities. (Perry 2003).In increasing, refining, and increasing awareness programs and actions within their authority and organizations, crisis management persons ought to influence existing vigilance, while an imperative constituent of community security is distinct from the operational vigilance of our country’s crisis management and event reaction capabilities and is outside the capacity of IEMS.
Assessment
The plan of this phase is for responders to analytically recognize innovative or varying hazards and coercion from both restricted and wider surroundings (Parker 2008). This development comprises of political, ecological, societal, technical, monetary and lawful factors. Assessment acts a main function in preparation and reaction and in the enduring issues related with revival, given that information for resolution makers about improvement options and possible population impacts.
Planning
Plans ought to be realistic, applicable and scalable to all types of incidents, from daily occurrences to incidents requiring the activation of interstate mutual aid to those requiring a co-ordinate central response .plans ought to form the basis of training and be exercised periodically to ensure that all individuals involved in response are able to execute their assigned tasks.
Plans can be used by UAE and other nations in describing how personnel, equipment, and other governmental and nongovernmental possessions will be used to maintain emergency management and incident response requirements .plans are the operational core of preparedness and provide mechanisms for setting priorities, integrating multiple jurisdictions and functions establishing mutual relationships and ensuring that communications and other systems efficiently sustain the full range of tragedy management and event response measures (Drezne 2009).
Procedures and protocols.
Procedures are recognized and implemented with checklists, assets inventory, maps, charts and other appropriate data. They have mechanisms that UAE and other countries can use to notifying staff. For instance the methods of obtaining common aid agreements, interactions operating directives and apparatus such as vehicles and supplies. On the other hand, protocols allow particular people to assess a situation, and take urgent steps to intrude and escalate their efforts to a detailed rank before additional direction or authorizations are requisite (Rawls 2011).
Training and Exercise
People responsible with incident response and emergency management ought to be trained to advance hazards capabilities globally. IEMS training levels are dependent on individual’s jurisdiction or organizations’ levels of involvement in emergency management and incident response activities. Training ought to allow practitioners to develop into more contented using IEMS, counting the Incident control system. They should also be in a position to use concepts and values of IEMS and exercise, plan proceedings and real incidents within UEA countries.
Personal qualifications
Principles will facilitate guarantee that people posses the least comprehension, skills, and practice essential to perform incident management and emergency response behavior safely and efficiently. Standards typically comprise training, knowledge, credentialing, justification and substantial health fitness. The baseline criteria for this charitable credentialing will be recognized by the EMI after discussion with suitable experts, associates, and reliable bodies, which will point the values linked with the minimum thresholds for explicit disaster management positions, allowing those credentialed people to take part as desired in national stage incidents (Nourjou 2014),.
Licensure and certification
Certification is the progression of openly attesting that a particular eminence or normal has been accomplished, whereas licensure is a non-voluntary progression, through which an organization of administration regulates an occupation. It gives consent to a personage to connect in a profession if it finds that the candidate has attained the quantity of fitness necessary to guarantee the community strength, protection, and interests will be realistically confined.
Equipment certification
This is significant part of preparedness that is expected to execute to definite principles comprising of potential to be interoperable with apparatus used by extra powers or participating organizations. People connected with this need to have a common grateful of the abilities of distinct types of equipment, to allow for better planning before an incident and rapid scaling and flexibility in meeting the needs of an incident.
Evaluation and revision
Communication and information management
Communication information management plays an imperative function by providing a general working depiction to emergency organization response .Its standard goals is to uphold and institute a common working picture and ensuring expediency and interoperability. Communication and I formation management entails appropriate designed, recognized and practical distribution of information amid command and sustain essentials. Incident communications are facilitated through the expansion and use of common statement s strategy and interoperability connections apparatus processes, ideology and structural design.
Interoperability
It can be used across agencies and jurisdiction in that it allows emergency management workers and their associated organizations to converse inside and across agencies and jurisdictions through voice, data, or video in real time, when needed, and when authorized. It is indispensable that these interactions systems be accomplished of interoperability, as triumphant tragedy executive and occurrence reaction operations require the continuous flow of serious information among jurisdiction, disciplines, organizations and agencies.
Reliability
Communication and information management is reliable since it is calculated to be flexible, consistent and scalable in order to function in any type of incident, regardless o reason, size, position or complication. They ought to be appropriate for operation within a single authority or agency.
Scalability
It allows responders to amplify the amount respondents to enlarge the number of users on a system, while portability facilitates the relations of systems that are usually distinct.
Portability
It will allocate for the triumphant and competent incorporation, transport, and consumption of communications systems when necessary. It includes consistent mission of broadcasting channels along powers which permit responders to take part in events beyond their authority and use familiar apparatus.
Resource Management
Emergency management and occurrence reaction actions necessitate suspiciously managed resources to assemble occurrence requirements. Exploitation of the consistent reserve executive concepts like account, organizing and tracking will make possible the transmit, exploitation and resurgence of assets prior to, through and subsequent to an occurrence. Resource management must be stretchy and scalable to sustain any occurrence and be elastic to change
Identity requirement
This method involves precisely identifying what and how much is required, where it is desirable and who will be in receipt of or using it. Resource to be identified includes apparatus, supplies, amenities and persons or crisis reaction teams. If a request or is unable to describe an item by resource type, or classification, those will resource management errands ought to provide technical advice to facilitate the necessities to be defined and translated into a specification.
Order and acquire
Supplies for possessions that would not be accessed in the vicinity are submitted by consistent assets-ordering measures. The requirements be normally forwarded initial to be adjoined region or sub-state section and then to the center.
Mobilize
Mobilization process comprise of operation planning based on existing interagency mobilization guidelines equipping, training, designating assemblage points to facilitate appropriate logistical hold up, and attaining haulage or convey possessions to the occurrence mainly fast in procession with budgets and priorities.
Track and report
Resource tracking is a consistent , incorporated progression conducted earlier to, during and after an happening by all crisis management persons and their related organizations, as suitable .This procedure provides a obvious image of where possessions are situated, helps staff organize to receive resources , protects the safety and security of equipment, provisions and personnel and enables their harmonization and movement.
Recover and demobilize
It involves the ultimate character of all possessions, counting those situated at the event site and at preset services. Through this development, possessions are transformed, replenished, predisposed of or retrograded. discharge is the methodical, secure, and competent revisit of an event reserve to its unusual position and rank. It can begin at any point of an occurrence, but ought to commence as soon as feasible to make easy responsibility.
Reimburse
It provides a means to get back resources projected for incident-specific activities. Processes for repayment play a significant function in establishing and maintaining the willingness of possessions and must be in position to guarantee that possessions providers are reimbursed in an appropriate method.
Inventory resources
They use diverse inventory systems to appraise the accessibility of property provided by authority. Inventory resources for reserve organization must be adjustable and scalable and must describe the probable of re-counting persons as well as tools.
Command management
It provides consistency through steady expressions and conventional organizational structures. Tragedy organization and event reaction refer to the expansive range of actions and organizations provided that valuable and resourceful operations, harmonization and sustain. This representation is characterized by three main organizational constructs:
Incident Command System
It is an extensively pertinent management structure intended to facilitate useful, competent incident management by integrating a amalgamation of amenities, equipments, persons, actions and interactions in service within a ordinary organizational structure.
Multiagency Coordination system
A process that allows all levels of administration and all disciplines to effort collectively more professionally and successfully. It occurs across diverse disciplines concerned in event administration, across power ranks, or across government levels . It defines business practices, typical working measures, processes and protocols by which participating agencies will organize their relations.
Public information
It consists of the processes, events, and systems to converse sensible, precise and available information on the incident’s grounds, magnitude and present condition to be open, responders and other stakeholders. Fit developed public information, education strategies, and relations policy assist to guarantee that lifesaving procedures, emigration routes, intimidation and attentive systems and other public wellbeing information are synchronized and communicated to frequent audiences in a appropriate, reliable approach.
Ongoing management and maintenance
The continuing management and protection component of IEMS contains two subsections namely; the supporting technologies and the emergency management institute (EMI). To better capabilities and lessen costs, the supporting technologies section discusses the principles necessary to manipulate them. The EMI on the other hand sets out the tasks for EMI.
The National Emergency Crisis and Disaster Management Authority
It is accountable for coordinating all general labors to bank lives, conserve state properties and possessions by hindering the consequence of emergencies and predicament and harmonize the state upturn efforts. This comprises of advancement of national reaction preparation and measures in accusation of guidance and auditing for all predicament and tragedy organization associated actions ( Secretariat 2004)
Supporting Technologies
Maintaining a hub on suitable science and technology solutions will demand a long term joint endeavor along with IEMS associates. To guarantee the valuable progress of incident-management science and technology solutions, the NIC have to work in harmonization with the science and technology division to evaluate the requirements of tragedy executive workers and their allied organizations.
Reference
Drezner, J. A., Rao, A. L., Heistand, J., Bloomingdale, M. K., & Harmon, K. G. (2009). Effectiveness of emergency response planning for sudden cardiac arrest in United States high schools with automated external defibrillators. Circulation, 120(6), 518-525.
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Perry, R. W., & Lindell, M. K. (2003). Preparedness for emergency response: guidelines for the emergency planning process. Disasters, 27(4), 336-350.
Rawls, C. G., & Turnquist, M. A. (2011). Pre-positioning planning for emergency response with service quality constraints. OR spectrum, 33(3), 481-498.
Secretariat, C. C. (2004). Civil Contingencies Act 2004: a short guide (revised). London: Cabinet Office.
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