Analysis Of The Polands Energy Security
Poland’s energy security
Introduction (about Poland)
– Its population number (tradition and culture)
– Natural sources of Poland (famous in what) export goods Poland is known in
exporting???
– Geography (countries boards) and sea
– total export and import of energy (oil, gas and coal)
– Electricity generated from what (oil or gas or coal) what are the percentage
of using each in the electricity
– Poland’s regime and foreign policy and relation
Energy security policy and strategy (plans) of Poland
– Definition of energy security (2-3 sentence)
– Energy security policy of Poland (one short paragraph)
– Events and causes that led Poland to have energy security (rise of
demand…etc) what led Poland to secure its energy. (each cause in a
sentence write them as a points)
Plans toward: (give an examples of each plans and projects and give general idea
about the project)
Oil
Gas
Renewable
Nuclear
Military
Trade rout
Join NATO
Food
Challenges to Poland energy security (future estimates) and opinion (as points
at least 5-6 points)
Recommendation toward the challenges that faces and will face Poland
according its energy security: (as point 5-6-points)
Solution
Introduction
Population, Culture and Natural Resources
According to data from the United Nations, the population of Poland as of February,
2020 was estimated to be 37,861,594 people. Polish people incorporate old traditions with
modern life. Poland still has the traditions of the Slavic culture and approximately 95% of Poland
residents are Roman Catholics. Poland is rich in natural resources, both non-renewable and
renewable which include zinc, construction materials and coal being the second-largest producer
in the world among other natural resources. The country is known for exporting various
commodities which include Agricultural products, minerals and fuels among other products.
Geography of Poland
Poland is located in Central Europe, East of Germany, West of Belarus, North of the
Czech Republic and South of Lithuania. The country covers an area of 312,679 square
kilometers and it borders the Baltic Sea to the North.
Total Import and Export Energy
In 2015, the World Bank estimated Poland’s total energy imports of oil, gas and coal to
be approximately 28.55% of the total energy use in the country. In a statistical review, the total
consumption of gas, oil and coal accounted for 16%, 24% and 52% of the total energy
consumption. Being the net exporter of petroleum products, Poland exports large amounts of
heavy oil fuels and motor gasoline. Conversely, it also imports large amounts of liquefied
petroleum gas and diesel from Russia.
Sources of Electricity
POLAND’S ENERGY SECURITY 3
Poland heavily depends on coal as a source of primary energy, where the total electricity
produced from coal accounts for 66.3% of the total energy produced. However, energy is also
produced from other sources such as gas and oil (Lynch, 2005).
The Regime, Foreign Policy and Relations of Poland
Poland’s government is led by a president. The country is a member of the North Atlantic
Treaty Organization (NATO) and the European Union (EU). Poland’s foreign policy is founded
on four commitments: to the international law, to international development, to the Atlantic
cooperation and to the European integration. The country’s economy depends intensely on
international trade with many European countries and the West. In 1994, Poland became an
associate of the European Union. In 1999, it became an associate of NATO and has bilateral
relations with other nations in Asia, Africa, America, Oceania and Europe.
Energy security policy and strategy (plans) of Poland
According to Miller (2010), energy security can be described as the constant convenience
of energy in diverse forms, in adequate extents and at realistic costs. The policy is a reaction to
the challenges encountered by the energy sector of Poland and provides planned guidelines for
the sector, considering the actions that need to be delivered in the medium-term. The objective of
the policy is to provide energy security, while ensuring the economy’s competitiveness, energy
efficiency and decreasing the ecological impacts of the energy sector with optimum use of the
energy resources in Poland.
Poland decided to secure its energy due to:
Energy productivity improvement.
Growth of the use of sources of renewable energy.
Decrease of the environmental effects of energy.
POLAND’S ENERGY SECURITY 4
Diversification of the electricity generation structure
Development of aggressive markets
Increased security of energy supply.
Poland’s plans towards various natural resources
The country has various plans towards various natural resources available in the country as
indicated below:-
Oil and gas: Polskie Górnictwo Naftowe i Gazownictwo (PGNiG) is a state-controlled natural
gas and oil company in Poland. It deals with the exploration and manufacture, import, sales,
distribution and storage of crude oil and gas.
Renewable energy: The National Renewable Energy Action Plan (NREAP) is an action plan in
Poland that describes how Poland plans to achieve its target of a 15% energy production from
renewable sources of energy.
Nuclear: The Polish cabinet suggested for construction of two nuclear power plants for energy
diversification and to reduce Sulphur and Carbon IV oxide emissions. Plans are underway for the
construction of a nuclear power plant at Zarnoweic.
Military: After the United States declared its plan to establish headquarters in Poland, Poland is
set to receive fighter jets and Reaper surveillance drones. This means that Poland will have more
security
Trade route: The Belt and Road Initiative is underway in Poland to ensure the efficient
movement of commodities between the east and the west.
Joining NATO: Poland joined NATO in 1999 for the establishment of relations which would
see Poland advance as a state.
POLAND’S ENERGY SECURITY 5
Food: The agriculture and food industry in Poland form a key sector and one of the most
influential in Poland’s economy.
Challenges to Poland's Energy Security
Energy dependence. Poland’s relations with Russia are subject to Russia’s ability to use
its imports to Poland to wield political and economic pressure on them. Russia’s control
over energy supplies can be used to threaten the economic security of Poland.
Energy efficiency. With the increasing electricity demands, energy generation in the
summer is usually reduced due to cooling problems.
Emission from power plants. Emissions from coal plants during electricity production
contaminates the environment causing air pollution.
Non-renewable sources of energy. Poland depends on coal, a non-renewable resource, to
produce most of its energy. With time, coal gradually gets depleted.
Recommendations
Use the European Union legislation on gas supply which helps overcome the energy
dependence challenge through the solidarity principle. EU member countries liaise
together to evaluate the mutual supply threats and plan emergency and preventive
measures to always guarantee gas supplies.
Energy efficiency can be solved by developing new solar plants characterized by high
energy production in the summer should be built.
Poland should embrace the use of other sources of electricity that do not have high
emissions of contaminants to the environment, such as air.
POLAND’S ENERGY SECURITY 6
Poland can use renewable sources of energy such as air, solar and water to produce
energy.
POLAND’S ENERGY SECURITY 7
References
Lynch, R. (2005). An energy overview of the Republic of Poland.
https://www.geni.org/globalenergy/library/national_energy_grid/poland/EnergyOverviewofPolan
d.shtml
Miller, B. G. (2010). Clean coal engineering technology. Elsevier.
https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/engineering/energy-security
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