Organs for Sale
English composition III
Organs for Sale
The scarcity of transplantation organs is a huge public health issue worldwide. The average
median waiting period in the USA in 2014 was three and a half years for a kidney transplant.
The proportions of the waiting list do not reflect the real demand in full. Doctors often are
hesitant to list patients who fear they are not able to obtain an organ realistically. The case for
protecting life (except for scientific reasons) has an important role to play in putting facts on
prohibitionists' shoulders (those who want to ban organ sale). Although this ban will indeed
lead to death (or at least discourage lifesaving), a substantial justification would be expected
to proceed. Any later parts will clarify the reason for retaining the ban on organ purchases.
There are more nuanced and complex arguments for the selling of organs. The present trade
of organs definitely entails unnecessary and inappropriate amounts of damage. It is advisable
not to dwell on the worst case, but on the possible amount of damage that will arise within a
well-controlled scheme. In the UK, the probability of postoperative mortality (to the donor) is
around one in 3,000. Free donation is not wrong; on the contrary, it is commonly perceived to
be commendable and admirable. One objection is that no matter how risky a donation is, it
must be no riskier than an unpaid donation. It may be argued that what is wrong with the
selling of organs is not per se a threat, but rather that someone is being paid to place
themselves at risk.
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Organs for sale
Annotated bibliography
Schlich, T. (2010). The origins of organ transplantation: Surgery and laboratory science,
1880-1930. University Rochester Press.
This book is a complete guide to the origins of organ transplant and surgery studies. The
article is relevant because it talks of how most surgeries are done and when the right time to
do them. Many people are divided is opinion when it comes to organ donation, the book
highlights that free donations are not wrong; instead, they are generally deemed noble and
praiseworthy. One objection is that no matter how risky a donation can be, it must be no
riskier than an unpaid donation. It can be argued that what is wrong with selling organs is not
per se a threat, but rather that someone is being paid to put themselves at risk.
Ronny, F. (2019). The sale of human organs (Stanford encyclopedia of philosophy). Stanford
Encyclopedia of Philosophy. https://plato.stanford.edu/entries/organs-sale/
This article highlights the basics of organ transplants by giving appropriate definitions and
how the procedures are carried out. The ethical issues surrounding organ transplant is also
widely discussed. The author talks of how doctors also refuse to mention patients who feel
that they cannot realistically receive an organ. To present evidence to prohibitionists (who
wish to outlaw organ sales), the argument to defend life (exceptionally scientific reasons) has
an important role to play.
Solution
Introduction to the topic
What is your perception of selling human beings' body organs? Everyone has their own
perceived ethical opinions regarding organ transplants and the selling of organs. One hundred
and twenty-three thousand patients in the United States of America wait to receive organ
transplants, while three hundred thousand patients in China are on the list of receiving organ
transplants. Therefore, it is shocking to know that millions of people worldwide die each year
while waiting to receive organ transplants (Schlich, 2010).
Background information
According to Schlich (2010), organ donation can be divided into two categories based on
the donor's compensation model. Free donation of body organs is commendable and termed by
many people as a kind gesture to the recipient who is in dire need of the organ. However, some
people object to the donation of free organs citing the high probabilities of adverse outcomes
during organ transplant surgery. Studies suggest that some people perceive the selling of body
organs as the phenomenon where a donor is paid to put their lives at stake while trying to save
the recipient's life. For example, due to the ongoing shortage of kidneys for transplantation in
most government and private health facilities globally, people have been urged to donate one of
their kidneys in exchange for money (Schlich, 2010).
Thesis statement
ORGANS FOR SALE 3
Governments across the world should implement policies of consent that legally allow
the selling of body organs. In my opinion, the phenomenon of extracting an organ from the donor
with the donor's approval should be recognized by states in a bid to save lives. This is because
millions of people die annually while waiting to receive an organ from the organ donor due to a
shortage of body organs in health facilities. Additionally, the act of selling organs is not
congratulated and rewarded as in the case of other risky exercises such as military service and
fire-fighting. Lastly, the low mortality rates and complications associated with organ transplants
are an encouragement to organ donors that the exercise is safe. Therefore, they should take part
in it without fear of death or long-term complications (Schlich, 2010).
Organ sale due to extreme shortages of body organs and the need to save lives
Many health facilities across the world are struggling with chronic shortages of body
organs for transplantation purposes. To solve organ shortages in hospitals, proposals have been
put forward by health facilities and other related institutions to encourage adults to participate in
organ transplants at a fee. Even though part of the argument on encouraging adults to sell their
body organs such as kidneys is acceptable to some extent, it is still a topic of discussion
according to some people who view it as unethical. According to Schlich, (2010), the concept of
organ selling has received significant criticism from many people all over the world who have
even gone to an extent of calling for the prohibition of the activity. In the United States of
America, around one hundred and twenty-three thousand patients are waiting to receive organ
transplants from potential donors. Additionally, in China, another three hundred thousand
patients are said to be waiting for organ transplantation. In this case, organ sale should be
encouraged to save the lives of the patients (Schlich, 2010).
ORGANS FOR SALE 4
Consistency
According to previous research on organ sales, there are many significant similarities
between donating body organs for money and involvement in other risky occupations. Ronny,
(2019). points out that various kinds of labor are highly risky such as mining coal, fire fighting,
military fighting, and deep-sea diving. These kinds of occupations have proven to be more
detrimental as far as the laborers' life is concerned. Some people might argue that jobs such as
military fighting, fire fighting, and deep-sea diving are great and heroic professions. The people
in these professions are sometimes rewarded as a result of their heroic works. On the other hand,
other people have a different opinion on the above named risky professions, citing that some of
these jobs have more possibilities of harming than even selling organs such as kidneys. The act
of organ selling should consistently be included among the risky labors and should receive
similar applause as other risky jobs since the main purpose of organ sale is to save lives just as
military and fire fighting. Many people find it inconsistent to permit certain individuals to be
paid to risk their lives in risky jobs and, consequently, not allow other people to be paid to
exchange their organs (Ronny, 2019).
Harm and risk
Most people tend to oppose selling body organs because of the risky nature of the
exercise, especially to organ donors. The previous study suggests that organ transplant,
especially kidney transplant, turns out to be effective and successful in most cases when the
operations are conducted in a conducive environment. In many cases, the organ donors receive a
full recovery in a span of a short time. According to Andorno (2017), there are approximately
one in three thousand donors who die due to postoperative complications during the process of
ORGANS FOR SALE 5
organ transplant. However, the risk of developing complications is said to be less than one
percent minor complications, including wound and urinary tract infections. A study has revealed
that individuals who have donated their organs, particularly kidneys, are at lower risk of
developing kidney-related conditions later in their lives. Many people perceive the concept of
organ selling as riskier as compared to unpaid organ donations (Andorno, 2017).
Reduced selfless organ donation
According to Alpinar-Şencan et al. (2017), increased marketing and trade of body organs
would significantly reduce the selfless donations as people would want to earn more money in
favor of their own personal ambitions or in favor of their immediate family members. Organ
selling would lead to the exploitation of the poor by the rich people, which would also threaten
the quality of organ supply. The medical services related to the process of transplantation would
also be compromised since everyone would be interested in selling one of their own kidneys
(Andorno, 2017).
CONCLUSION
In conclusion, the concept of organ selling should be socially accepted throughout the
world due to its effectiveness in saving lives. Also, the risk and harm associated with organ
donors' victimization, should not be hindrances to effective organ transplantation performance.
Previous study with the help of experienced health practitioners has indicated that the low
mortality rate as a result of post operations should encourage more people to be organ donors to
solve the problem of insufficient organs in the health facilities. Additionally, in order to
encourage organ donors, they should be recognized as heroes since the risk of donating organs is
the same as the risk in other jobs such as military service and fire fighting (Hinkley II, 2019). In
ORGANS FOR SALE 6
my opinion, the risks associated with paid organ transplantation and unpaid organ transplantation
are the same. Therefore organ selling should be encouraged since it also helps the donors
improve their livelihoods through monetary compensation.
ORGANS FOR SALE 7
REFERENCES
Alpinar-Şencan, Z., Baumann, H., & Biller-Andorno, N. (2017). Does organ selling violate
human dignity?. Monash Bioethics Review, 34(3-4), 189-205. Extracted from:
https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s40592-017-0070-x
Andorno, R. (2017). Buying and selling organs: issues of commodification, exploitation and
human dignity. Journal of Trafficking and Human Exploitation, 1(2), 119-127. Extracted
from:
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1530697191=&response-content-
disposition=inline%3B+filename%3DBuying_and_selling_organs_issues_of_comm.pdf
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G2obegqtLsIwdMavdYAy8yghUy5XqHnsTxZk2yiOzJweqyiyok8Q0TrGw7d9EGyFKM
HpwIcwVA~g8BgaAUCfZnKQXqGeeJ6QqF0BAE4DDNFFtTOHmYpezIe0V6mxb2dj
5F0J70Q2cBuTYJA212jW8ydPah81dVQef0UmGaGPRixFo7mrvdSkAiRL~djp1e0VD6
CGV59AUjZ6PoRruAemMekk~UbNdGpEb6l3FMSpjk2UHaPRrVslzKfH6iQ__&Key-
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Hinkley II, C. C. (2019). The Selling of Organs. In Moral Conflicts of Organ Retrieval: A Case
for Constructive Pluralism (pp. 153-173). Brill Rodopi. Extracted from:
https://brill.com/view/book/9789004409576/BP000010.xml
Ronny, F. (2019). The sale of human organs (Stanford encyclopedia of philosophy). Stanford
Encyclopedia of Philosophy. Retrieved from: https://plato.stanford.edu/entries/organs-
sale/
Schlich, T. (2010). The origins of organ transplantation: surgery and laboratory science, 1880-
1930 (Vol. 18). University Rochester Press. Extracted from:
https://books.google.com/books?hl=en&lr=&id=k6vZ2bb54nUC&oi=fnd&pg=PR9&dq=
Schlich,+T.+(2010).+The+origins+of+organ+transplantation:+Surgery+and+laboratory+
science,+1880-
1930.+University+Rochester+Press.&ots=giWSHlJAYB&sig=uuxhHp3CTq_arJ82jiDm
M0SzvME&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q=Schlich%2C%20T.%20(2010).%20The%20orig
ins%20of%20organ%20transplantation%3A%20Surgery%20and%20laboratory%20scien
ce%2C%201880-1930.%20University%20Rochester%20Press.&f=false
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